En mai 2015, un groupe d’experts remettait au gouvernement un rapport préconisant de modifier le régime applicable à la constatation de l’inaptitude du salarié par le médecin du travail et à la procédure de licenciement qui peut en découler. Des recommandations prises en compte par la loi Travail.
À savoir : ces mesures s’appliqueront lorsque les décrets d’application auront été publiés et, au plus tard, le 1er janvier 2017.
Aujourd’hui, sauf exceptions, l’inaptitude du salarié ne peut être constatée par le médecin du travail qu’après deux examens médicaux espacés de 2 semaines. Cette exigence disparaîtra : le médecin du travail pourra déclarer le salarié inapte après une étude de poste et un échange avec ce dernier et l’employeur. Cet avis d’inaptitude devra être éclairé par des conclusions écrites, assorties d’indications relatives au reclassement du travailleur.
Précision : le salarié est déclaré inapte à son poste lorsque le médecin du travail « constate qu’aucune mesure d’aménagement, d’adaptation ou de transformation du poste de travail occupé n’est possible et que l’état de santé du travailleur justifie un changement de poste ».
De plus, la même procédure de constatation et de licenciement pour inaptitude s’appliquera, que cette inaptitude soit due à un accident du travail ou une maladie professionnelle ou bien à un accident ou une maladie personnels. Ceci visera notamment l’obligation de reclassement qui pèse sur l’employeur lorsqu’un salarié est déclaré inapte à reprendre son poste de travail.
Ainsi, par exemple, actuellement, l’employeur est dispensé de cette obligation lorsque le médecin du travail indique, dans son avis d’inaptitude, que le maintien du salarié dans un emploi serait gravement préjudiciable à sa santé. Jusqu’alors réservée à l’inaptitude d’origine professionnelle, cette dispense concernera aussi celle d’origine personnelle. De même, l’employeur sera dispensé de cette obligation si le médecin du travail constate que « l’état de santé du salarié fait obstacle à tout reclassement dans un emploi ».
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